Ptosis

Page most recently updated 7 September 2026

This page focuses on proptosis as a morphologic feature of conditions that may also be associated with psychiatric manifestations, such as psychosis, mania, autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, OCD, and self-injurious behaviours. The page begins with a clinical definition of proptosis based on the standardized Elements of Morphology terminology, together with visual examples from the same source. This is followed by a list of conditions in which proptosis has been described in association with psychiatric manifestations.

Of note, to optimize clinical utility, the list does not include conditions associated with intellectual disability in the absence of other psychiatric features.

Each condition listed below is linked to a dedicated page within this resource. These pages describe the psychiatric manifestations associated with each condition, as well as other morphologic and broader clinical features, allowing the differential diagnosis to be considered from multiple perspectives.